Angina: How Serious Is It?

Angina is considered a serious medical condition because it is often a symptom of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to life-threatening complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and even myocardial infarction (heart attack). While the severity of angina pain can vary, it serves as a critical warning sign that the heart is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood.

Understanding the Severity of Angina

One way to assess the seriousness of angina is through the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification system. This system grades angina based on how it affects a person's ability to perform physical activities. In more severe cases, chest pain can occur even at rest, which is a hallmark of unstable angina. This type of angina typically indicates significant narrowing of the coronary arteries or an unstable plaque that has ruptured and partially blocked blood flow.

Unstable vs. Stable Angina

Unstable Angina

When chest pain occurs while a person is at rest, it is often classified as unstable angina. This condition suggests that the blood supply to the heart muscle is severely compromised, even during periods of low demand. Although the coronary artery isn't completely blocked—otherwise, it would be classified as a heart attack—the reduced blood flow is enough to cause discomfort and signals a high risk for a future cardiac event.

Stable Angina

In contrast, stable angina usually occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress and is predictable in its pattern. The severity of stable angina can be evaluated by how much physical activity triggers symptoms. While it is generally less urgent than unstable angina, it still requires medical attention to manage risk factors and prevent progression of heart disease.

Why Prompt Treatment Matters

Whether someone experiences stable or unstable angina, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Unstable angina, in particular, should be treated as a medical emergency, as it can be a precursor to a heart attack. Even stable angina should not be ignored, as it reflects the presence of coronary artery disease that may worsen over time without proper care.