Angina Treatment Options: Is Stent Placement Always Necessary?

When the coronary arteries become narrowed, it can lead to a condition known as angina. Angina typically presents as a pressing or squeezing pain behind the breastbone, often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress. In many cases, symptoms can be relieved within a few minutes through rest and medication. However, for some individuals, angina may persist despite treatment, and in severe cases, it can progress to a heart attack. Once symptoms appear, it's crucial to seek medical evaluation promptly to determine the extent of arterial blockage and whether intervention is necessary.

Understanding Coronary Artery Disease and Angina

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of angina. As plaque builds up inside the arteries, blood flow to the heart muscle is restricted, causing discomfort or pain. While medication and lifestyle changes can help manage mild cases, more severe narrowing may require a more aggressive treatment approach.

When Is Stent Placement Recommended?

Medical professionals typically consider stent placement when the narrowing of a coronary artery exceeds 75% or when symptoms significantly impact a person's quality of life. However, not every case of angina or arterial narrowing requires a stent. Doctors often use coronary angiography to assess the severity of the blockage and determine the most appropriate course of action.

Alternatives to Stent Placement

In some situations, balloon angioplasty may be used to open the narrowed artery without placing a stent. This procedure involves inserting a catheter with a small balloon at its tip into the affected artery. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque and widen the artery, improving blood flow. In many cases, this may be sufficient to relieve symptoms without the need for a permanent implant.

When a Stent Becomes Necessary

If the artery remains narrowed or becomes re-blocked after balloon treatment, a stent may be required to keep the artery open. Stents are small mesh tubes that support the artery walls and help maintain proper blood flow. Once placed, the stent can significantly reduce angina symptoms, allowing patients to return to daily activities with improved energy and well-being.

Conclusion

Deciding whether to place a stent depends on a variety of factors including the severity of symptoms, the degree of arterial narrowing, and how well the patient responds to other treatments. Working closely with a cardiologist ensures each patient receives a personalized treatment plan that aligns with their overall heart health goals and lifestyle needs.