Angina Explained: Understanding Chest Pain and Its Causes

Angina is a type of chest discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It is often a key symptom of coronary artery disease. The heart receives its blood supply through the coronary arteries. When these arteries become narrowed, blocked, or constricted due to conditions like plaque buildup, blood clots, or spasms, the heart muscle can become deprived of oxygen. This lack of blood flow leads to a sensation of tightness, burning, or pressure in the chest. The pain typically occurs in the center of the chest and may radiate to the left shoulder, arm, neck, or back.

Common Causes of Angina

One of the primary causes of angina is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis — the buildup of fatty deposits on the artery walls. This condition restricts blood flow and increases the likelihood of chest discomfort. Angina often occurs during physical exertion or emotional stress, as these situations increase the heart's demand for oxygen. However, some individuals may experience angina while resting or even during sleep, which could indicate a more serious underlying issue.

Recognizing the Symptoms

The sensation associated with angina is typically described as a feeling of pressure, tightness, or burning behind the breastbone. It most commonly affects the middle or left side of the chest and can spread to the left arm, shoulder, back, neck, and in some cases, even the jaw. These symptoms are among the most recognizable signs of coronary artery disease and should not be ignored, especially if they occur unexpectedly or worsen over time.