Angina Pectoris: Causes And Treatment Options

Angina pectoris, commonly referred to as angina, is primarily caused by insufficient blood supply from the coronary arteries. When the heart muscle requires more oxygen-rich blood than the coronary arteries can deliver, a condition known as myocardial ischemia occurs, which can lead to an angina attack. Understanding the underlying causes and available treatment options is essential for managing this condition effectively.

Common Causes Of Angina

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of angina. Atherosclerosis — the buildup of fatty deposits or plaques in the coronary arteries — restricts blood flow to the heart muscle. Other contributing factors may include physical exertion, emotional stress, extreme temperatures, and underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol.

Medications Used To Treat Angina

Effective management of angina often involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Below are the primary types of drugs used to treat and prevent angina symptoms:

1. Symptom-Relief Medications

During an angina episode, fast-acting medications are used to relieve symptoms. These include nitrates such as nitroglycerin, which dilate the coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart. In addition to prescription medications, some patients may use traditional herbal formulations like Shuxin Oral Liquid, Danshen Dropping Pills, or Musk Cardiotonic Pills, which are believed to help alleviate symptoms by enhancing coronary circulation.

2. Preventive Medications

To reduce the frequency of angina episodes and lower the risk of cardiovascular events, long-term medications are often prescribed. These include antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, cilostazol, and indobufen, which help prevent blood clots. Statins are also commonly used to stabilize arterial plaques, reduce inflammation, and protect the endothelial lining of blood vessels.

3. Heart Rate-Lowering Medications

For patients with tachycardia or high heart rates, beta-blockers or other heart rate-lowering agents may be prescribed. These medications help reduce the heart's oxygen demand by slowing the heart rate and decreasing myocardial workload, thus preventing angina attacks.

It is crucial for individuals experiencing angina symptoms to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. With appropriate medical care and lifestyle adjustments, the risk of complications can be significantly reduced.