Angina Pectoris In Coronary Heart Disease: Understanding Causes And Management Tips

Angina pectoris, or chest pain associated with coronary heart disease, typically occurs due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. This restriction in blood flow results in reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid and other metabolic byproducts. These substances stimulate nerve endings in the heart, causing the characteristic discomfort of angina. Common symptoms include chest tightness, pressure, pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath.

Key Triggers And Underlying Mechanisms

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the primary cause of angina, where plaque buildup restricts blood flow. During periods of increased cardiac demand—such as physical exertion, emotional stress, or exposure to cold temperatures—the heart requires more oxygen than the narrowed arteries can supply. This mismatch leads to ischemia and the onset of angina symptoms.

Immediate Steps To Manage An Angina Episode

1. Rest Immediately

When angina strikes, it's crucial to stop all physical activity and rest, either by sitting or lying down. Reducing the body's workload decreases the heart's oxygen demand, often relieving symptoms within minutes.

2. Use Prescribed Medications

Nitroglycerin is a commonly prescribed medication for acute angina relief. It works by dilating the coronary arteries, improving blood flow to the heart muscle. Other options include rapid-acting formulations like isosorbide dinitrate or alternative medications such as quick-acting heart pills containing herbal extracts like salvia miltiorrhiza. These medications should be used as directed by a healthcare provider.

Long-Term Considerations For Angina Patients

Patients diagnosed with angina should maintain regular follow-ups with their cardiologist, adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle, and monitor symptoms closely. Avoiding known triggers, managing stress, and adhering to prescribed treatment plans are essential for reducing the frequency and severity of angina episodes.