What Are The Main Symptoms Of Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A, also known as HAV, is a type of viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. It primarily spreads through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, leading to an acute form of jaundice-related liver inflammation. In the early stages of the illness, patients may experience mild flu-like symptoms, including low-grade fever, fatigue, and general malaise. These initial signs are often followed by a range of gastrointestinal disturbances.Common digestive symptoms associated with hepatitis A include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and a strong aversion to fatty foods. As the disease progresses, more visible signs of liver dysfunction appear, such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes — a condition known as jaundice. This occurs due to the buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is a clear indicator of impaired liver function.
In addition to these physical symptoms, individuals infected with hepatitis A typically show significant abnormalities in liver enzyme levels. For instance, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels usually range between 40 and 50 U/L. However, in acute hepatitis A cases, ALT levels can soar beyond ten times the upper limit of normal — often reaching 500 U/L or even over 1,000 U/L. These elevated enzyme levels reflect the degree of liver cell damage occurring during the infection.
Recovery And Prognosis
Despite the severity of symptoms and enzyme elevation, hepatitis A is generally a self-limiting disease. With proper rest, hydration, and supportive care, most patients begin to recover within a few weeks. In the majority of cases, liver function tests return to normal within one to two months after the onset of symptoms.
Acute vs Chronic Infection
Unlike other forms of viral hepatitis such as B and C, hepatitis A does not lead to chronic liver disease. It only manifests in an acute form and does not persist long-term in the body. Once recovered, individuals develop lifelong immunity against the virus, making reinfection extremely rare.