Common Symptoms and Characteristics of Proctitis

Proctitis refers to the inflammation of the rectum, which is the final section of the large intestine, connecting just above the anus at a distance of approximately ten centimeters. The large intestine itself consists of several parts, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum.

Understanding the Symptoms

One of the most common symptoms of colonic or rectal inflammation is diarrhea. Inflammation can disrupt normal bowel function and secretion processes, leading to frequent bowel movements and loose stools. However, it's important to note that not all patients experience diarrhea. Some individuals suffering from proctitis or related conditions may instead present with constipation.

Why Constipation Can Occur

This paradoxical symptom—constipation—can occur due to the progressive nature of certain inflammatory diseases. Over time, chronic inflammation may lead to severe complications such as malignant transformation or rectal stricture. As the condition advances, it can obstruct the rectum, causing difficulty in passing stools and resulting in constipation.

Diagnostic Recommendations

For patients experiencing either persistent constipation or diarrhea, especially when accompanied by abnormal findings in stool tests such as the presence of red or white blood cells, further diagnostic evaluation is strongly recommended. These indicators may suggest underlying inflammation or infection in the rectum or colon.

Medical Procedures for Diagnosis

To accurately diagnose the condition and determine its severity, healthcare providers typically recommend endoscopic examinations such as proctoscopy or colonoscopy. These procedures allow doctors to visually inspect the rectal and intestinal lining, identify signs of inflammation or damage, and take biopsies if necessary. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing proctitis effectively and preventing long-term complications.