Symptoms of Proctitis

Proctitis, the inflammation of the rectum, can be categorized into two main types—infectious and non-infectious. Each type presents with distinct symptoms and characteristics, although there may be some overlapping in clinical manifestations.

Infectious Proctitis

Infectious proctitis occurs due to bacterial or viral infections affecting the mucous lining of the rectum. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and a persistent urge to defecate, medically known as tenesmus. The rectal mucosa contains sensory receptors responsible for signaling the need to pass stool. When inflamed, these receptors become overactive, leading to frequent urges to go to the bathroom. Additionally, inflammation may cause rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and loose stools. Abdominal discomfort typically occurs in the lower abdomen and is usually mild in nature.

Non-Infectious Proctitis

Non-infectious proctitis is often associated with chronic conditions such as ulcerative colitis. While the exact cause remains unclear, researchers believe it may result from a combination of genetic predisposition, immune system dysfunction, and environmental triggers. The symptoms are similar to those of infectious proctitis, including rectal discomfort, diarrhea, and the presence of blood or mucus in the stool. However, non-infectious cases tend to last much longer and may flare up intermittently over time.

Additional Symptoms in Severe Cases

In more severe forms of non-infectious proctitis, the inflammation can extend beyond the rectum, leading to systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. These signs indicate a broader inflammatory response within the body and may require more intensive medical management.

Recognizing the differences between infectious and non-infectious causes of proctitis is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. If you experience persistent rectal symptoms, it's important to seek medical advice to determine the underlying cause and begin appropriate care.