How to Treat Acute Gastroenteritis in Infants

Acute gastroenteritis is a common condition among infants and typically presents with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. This illness can be caused by both infectious and non-infectious factors. Infectious causes include bacterial or viral infections, while non-infectious triggers may involve sudden weather changes, improper feeding practices, food allergies, or exposure to extreme temperatures.

Managing Infectious Gastroenteritis

When diarrhea is caused by an infection, it's essential to address the underlying cause. In cases of bacterial infection, timely administration of antibiotics under medical supervision is necessary. However, for viral gastroenteritis—such as that caused by rotavirus—antibiotics are ineffective. There are currently no specific antiviral medications for common intestinal viruses, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. For example, vaccination can help prevent rotavirus infection, which is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea in infants.

Addressing Non-Infectious Causes

If the condition stems from non-infectious factors, the focus should be on keeping the baby warm, especially around the abdominal area, and avoiding further exposure to cold or heat. Parents should ensure proper feeding habits, offering light, easily digestible meals while avoiding greasy, cold, or known allergenic foods. Identifying and eliminating food sensitivities can significantly reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

Supportive Care and Symptom Relief

In addition to removing the triggers, infants with acute gastroenteritis require supportive care. This includes managing vomiting and diarrhea, preventing dehydration, and maintaining electrolyte balance. Oral rehydration solutions can be given to replace lost fluids and minerals. In severe cases of dehydration, intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Medications such as smectite powder can help soothe the digestive tract and reduce diarrhea. Probiotics may also be beneficial in restoring healthy gut bacteria and improving digestion. Some herbal remedies, like herbal intestinal syrups or traditional remedies such as Changtai or Weichangkang, may offer additional relief, though they should always be used under a healthcare provider's guidance.

When to Seek Medical Help

If symptoms persist, worsen, or if the infant shows signs of lethargy, frequent vomiting, or severe dehydration, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. A healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend further treatment options to avoid complications or delays in recovery.