Intestinal Adhesions: Understanding Treatment Options

Intestinal adhesions occur when the intestines stick to other organs, the abdominal lining, or surrounding tissues, often due to inflammation, surgery, infection, or trauma. In many cases, patients experience no symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do arise, they can range from mild discomfort to severe complications such as partial or complete bowel obstruction.

Non-Surgical Treatment Approaches

For patients who do not experience any symptoms, treatment may not be necessary. Instead, lifestyle modifications are recommended. These include maintaining a healthy diet free of spicy or irritating foods, avoiding abdominal cold exposure, and refraining from intense physical activity immediately after meals.

In cases of mild, chronic intestinal blockage caused by adhesions, conservative treatment is typically preferred. This may involve fasting, gastric decompression, and intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance. Medications such as somatostatin can help reduce digestive secretions and ease the strain on the digestive system. Additionally, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infections, and enemas can help relieve constipation and restore normal bowel function.

Surgical Intervention for Severe Cases

When Surgery is Necessary

If adhesions lead to acute bowel obstruction or a strangulated intestinal blockage, immediate medical attention is crucial. In such cases, surgical intervention is often the best course of action. Procedures may include open abdominal surgery or laparoscopic exploration to assess the severity and location of the adhesion.

During surgery, doctors may perform adhesion lysis—carefully separating the abnormal connections between tissues—or intestinal repositioning to restore normal digestive tract function. The choice of surgical method depends on the patient's overall health, the severity of the adhesion, and the likelihood of recurrence.

Prevention and Long-Term Management

While it's not always possible to prevent intestinal adhesions, especially those caused by surgery or infection, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce complications. Patients should stay well-hydrated, eat fiber-rich foods, and avoid unnecessary abdominal strain. Regular medical checkups are also important, especially for those with a history of abdominal surgery or chronic digestive issues.

Managing intestinal adhesions requires a personalized approach based on the severity of symptoms. From lifestyle changes and medication to surgical treatment, a range of options exists to help patients live comfortably. If you suspect you have intestinal adhesions, consult a healthcare professional to determine the most effective treatment plan for your condition.