Intestinal Adhesions: Common Symptoms and What You Need to Know

Intestinal adhesions can cause a variety of uncomfortable and potentially serious symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, inability to pass gas, constipation, and even fever. These adhesions typically form as a result of previous abdominal surgeries or infections within the abdominal cavity. When adhesions develop, they can cause the intestines to stick to each other or to the abdominal wall, restricting normal movement and function of the digestive tract.

Understanding the Causes Behind Intestinal Adhesions

One of the most common causes of intestinal adhesions is abdominal surgery. During such procedures, the tissues inside the abdomen can become inflamed or irritated, leading to the formation of scar tissue. This scar tissue can then connect organs or tissues that are not normally connected. Infections such as appendicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease can also lead to internal scarring and adhesions. These abnormal connections interfere with the natural movement of the intestines, which can result in a range of gastrointestinal issues.

How Symptoms Develop

Abdominal Pain and Discomfort

Many individuals experience pain in the abdomen due to inflammation or irritation of the smooth muscles in the intestinal walls. This discomfort can range from mild to severe and often worsens after eating or during episodes of partial or complete bowel obstruction.

Bloating and Gas Buildup

As the intestines become partially blocked due to adhesions, the normal passage of gas through the digestive system is disrupted. This can lead to a feeling of fullness, pressure, and visible swelling in the abdomen.

Nausea and Vomiting

When adhesions cause a blockage in the intestines, food and fluids are unable to pass through normally. This buildup can cause nausea and vomiting, particularly after eating, as the stomach struggles to empty its contents.

Constipation and Lack of Gas Release

In more severe cases where a complete bowel obstruction occurs, individuals may find they are unable to pass stool or gas. This situation requires immediate medical attention, as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Fever and Systemic Effects

If intestinal adhesions lead to tissue death or ischemia due to restricted blood flow, the body may respond with a fever. This is a sign that the immune system is actively fighting an internal issue, and it often indicates a more advanced or dangerous stage of the condition.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience persistent abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, inability to have a bowel movement or pass gas, or signs of infection such as fever, it's crucial to seek medical care. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications like bowel strangulation or sepsis. Understanding the symptoms of intestinal adhesions is the first step toward effective management and improved quality of life.