How to Diagnose Intestinal Adhesions

Clinical Symptoms and Patient History

Common symptoms associated with intestinal adhesions include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and the absence of bowel movements or gas. These signs often suggest a partial or complete bowel obstruction, which may be caused by adhesions formed after previous abdominal surgeries or infections.

Physical Examination

During a physical exam, a healthcare provider may detect abdominal distension, tenderness, or rebound tenderness, which indicates inflammation. Abnormal bowel sounds—either increased (hyperactive) or decreased (hypoactive)—can also be observed. In some cases, visible signs such as abnormal abdominal contours or asymmetry may be present. If there is significant fluid buildup in the abdomen, a positive shifting dullness test might be detected, suggesting ascites or inflammation.

Imaging and Diagnostic Tests

To confirm the presence of adhesions, imaging studies are often performed. A standing abdominal X-ray may reveal multiple air-fluid levels within the abdominal cavity, which is a classic sign of bowel obstruction. While imaging alone cannot directly visualize adhesions, it helps rule out other causes and supports the clinical diagnosis.

Advanced Diagnostic Options

In more complex cases, additional imaging such as CT scans or MRI may be used to provide a more detailed view of the abdominal structures. In some instances, laparoscopy—a minimally invasive surgical procedure—may be required to directly visualize the adhesions and assess the need for treatment.

Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in preventing complications from intestinal adhesions. If you experience persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, especially after abdominal surgery, consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.