What Are Abdominal Adhesions?

Abdominal adhesions are a natural part of the body's healing process, often developing after abdominal surgery or due to inflammation within the abdominal cavity. These adhesions occur when fibrous tissues form abnormal connections between loops of the intestine, the abdominal wall, or other internal organs. In more severe cases, these fibrous bands can twist around the intestines, creating a blockage or even leading to bowel torsion, where the intestine rotates around the adhesion site.

Who Is at Risk for Developing Intestinal Adhesions?

Individuals with a history of abdominal surgery or chronic abdominal inflammation are particularly prone to developing adhesions. Any surgical procedure involving the abdominal cavity can trigger the formation of fibrous scar tissue, especially after operations such as appendectomies, cesarean sections, or bowel resections. Additionally, infections like peritonitis or inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease can contribute to the development of adhesions.

Common Symptoms of Bowel Adhesions

Many people with intestinal adhesions experience no noticeable symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do occur, they often include mild to moderate abdominal pain, bloating, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the stomach area. In more advanced cases, patients may suffer from chronic discomfort, digestive issues, or even bowel obstruction.

Physical Examination Findings

During a physical exam, a healthcare provider may notice signs such as abdominal distension, localized tenderness, or even rebound tenderness — an indicator of peritoneal irritation. These clinical findings, combined with a patient's medical history, can help guide further diagnostic testing and treatment planning.