Diagnosing Intestinal Adhesions: Methods and Insights

Intestinal adhesions can be difficult to diagnose due to their location and often asymptomatic nature. Since most adhesions occur in the small intestine, which lies in the middle of the digestive tract, standard endoscopic procedures like gastroscopy or colonoscopy are not sufficient for detection. Instead, a small bowel follow-through (SBFT) or enteroclysis may be used to visualize the small intestine.

How Small Bowel Imaging Helps Detect Adhesions

During a small bowel imaging procedure, a long tube is inserted through the mouth and passed into the duodenum, beyond the ligament of Treitz, where contrast material is released. This allows radiologists to observe the flow of the contrast through the small intestine and identify any abnormal narrowing, kinking, or tethering of the bowel loops that may indicate adhesions. The imaging can also help assess the severity of the adhesion and its potential to cause obstruction.

Who Is at Risk for Intestinal Adhesions?

Adhesions commonly develop after abdominal surgeries, particularly involving the small intestine, or as a result of prior episodes of peritonitis. In many cases, these adhesions do not cause symptoms and do not require treatment. However, individuals with a history of abdominal surgery or infection should be aware of the potential complications associated with intestinal adhesions.

Symptoms and When Treatment Is Necessary

While many people live with intestinal adhesions without any issues, problems can arise when a significant portion of the bowel becomes obstructed. Symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and the inability to pass gas or stool may indicate a partial or complete bowel obstruction. These symptoms often occur after episodes of overeating or sudden changes in bowel habits. In such cases, medical intervention becomes necessary.

Managing Intestinal Adhesions

If an obstruction is suspected, hospitalization may be required to monitor the condition and provide supportive care such as intravenous fluids and bowel rest. In many cases, the obstruction resolves on its own or with non-surgical treatment. However, if symptoms persist or complications arise, surgical intervention may be needed to remove or release the adhesion.

In conclusion, while intestinal adhesions can be concerning, they are often harmless and do not require aggressive treatment. Patients should focus on maintaining healthy eating habits and consult a healthcare provider if they experience persistent or severe symptoms. As long as no obstruction develops, most individuals can safely monitor their condition without intervention.