Upper Digestive Tract Bleeding: Recognizing The Symptoms

The upper digestive tract refers to the section of the digestive system located above the Treitz ligament, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and biliary tract. Bleeding occurring in any of these areas is collectively known as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Recognizing the symptoms of such a condition is crucial for timely medical intervention.

Common Symptoms Of Upper Digestive Tract Bleeding

1. Vomiting Blood And Black Stool

One of the most noticeable signs of upper digestive tract bleeding is the presence of coffee-ground or bright red blood in vomit. When the bleeding volume exceeds 250–300 ml, it often results in visible symptoms. As blood moves through the intestines, it reacts with intestinal bacteria, forming iron sulfide, which leads to tarry, black stools known as melena.

2. Signs Of Circulatory Collapse

When blood loss reaches approximately 800–1000 ml, patients may experience symptoms of circulatory failure. These include pale skin, profuse sweating, a rapid pulse, and low blood pressure—indicative of shock. In severe cases, untreated bleeding can lead to life-threatening complications, including death.

3. Moderate Fever Following Blood Loss

Significant blood loss can also trigger a mild to moderate fever in patients. This reaction is typically a result of the body's inflammatory response to internal bleeding. The fever usually remains below 38.5°C and may persist for several days following the incident.

Understanding these symptoms can help individuals seek prompt medical attention, which is essential in managing upper gastrointestinal bleeding effectively. If you or someone you know experiences any of these signs, it's important to consult a healthcare professional immediately.