Common Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding typically occurs in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. One of the most frequent causes is peptic ulcers, which can develop in the stomach or duodenum and lead to bleeding.

Understanding the Main Causes

Peptic Ulcers and Their Impact

Peptic ulcers are often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori or the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These ulcers can erode blood vessels in the digestive tract, resulting in significant bleeding.

Complications from Liver Cirrhosis

Another major cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is liver cirrhosis. This condition can lead to esophageal and gastric varices—enlarged veins in the esophagus and stomach. When these veins rupture, they can cause severe and potentially life-threatening bleeding.

Vomiting-Induced Injuries and Other Factors

Intense vomiting, often associated with excessive alcohol consumption, can cause a condition known as Mallory-Weiss syndrome. This involves tears in the mucous membrane at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, leading to bleeding. Additionally, inflammation, tumors, or foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract can also cause bleeding. For instance, during autumn, some individuals may consume large quantities of persimmons, leading to the formation of a bezoar—a solid mass in the stomach that can irritate the gastric lining and cause hemorrhaging.

What to Do If Bleeding Occurs

If you suspect upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms such as black or tarry stools, vomiting blood, or signs of shock require urgent evaluation and treatment at a hospital.