Common Causes Of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is commonly caused by peptic ulcers, esophageal varices rupture, acute gastric mucosal lesions, or stomach cancer. In addition, conditions such as Mallory-Weiss tears or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin can also lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Less commonly, vascular malformations or tumors in the biliary or pancreatic system may also be responsible for such bleeding.

Understanding The Symptoms And Severity

Typically, bleeding caused by peptic ulcers tends to be less severe. However, when significant bleeding occurs, patients may experience hematemesis — vomiting blood that may appear as dark red or contain clots. In contrast, bleeding from ruptured esophageal or gastric varices is often more severe and rapid in onset. Patients may quickly develop symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, or signs of shock, requiring immediate emergency care.

Other Types Of Bleeding And Their Characteristics

Bleeding caused by Mallory-Weiss syndrome usually occurs after heavy alcohol consumption or intense vomiting. Initially, the patient may vomit stomach contents without blood, followed by bleeding after vomiting stops. In many cases, the cause of bleeding can be diagnosed through endoscopic examination, and some types of bleeding can even be treated directly during the procedure.

When To Seek Medical Attention

In cases of transient bleeding, such as that caused by vascular malformations, it is crucial to visit an emergency room for prompt evaluation. Since there are numerous potential causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is highly recommended to seek medical attention at a hospital to determine the exact cause and receive appropriate treatment as soon as symptoms appear.