Black Stool And Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: What You Need To Know

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in the upper part of the digestive tract, specifically above the ligament of Treitz. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the initial portion of the duodenum. When bleeding happens in these areas, blood tends to remain in the stomach for some time before being expelled through the digestive system.

Why Does Stool Turn Black During Upper GI Bleeding?

The iron content in blood undergoes a transformation when exposed to gastric acid and digestive enzymes. This chemical reaction causes the stool to turn a dark, blackish color. Clinically, this is referred to as melena, or tarry stools, and is a key indicator of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Other Causes Of Black Stool

It's important to note that not all cases of black stool are due to internal bleeding. Certain foods, such as dark chocolate or Oreo cookies, can also darken the stool. Additionally, medications like bismuth subsalicylate (commonly found in over-the-counter remedies for upset stomach) may cause a similar effect.

How To Confirm Gastrointestinal Bleeding

If you notice black stools, it's crucial not to jump to conclusions. While melena can be a sign of a serious condition, other harmless factors may be responsible. To determine the true cause, a stool sample can be tested in a laboratory. A positive result on a fecal occult blood test confirms the presence of blood, suggesting gastrointestinal bleeding and the need for further medical evaluation.