Irritable Bowel Syndrome: How Is It Diagnosed?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified as a functional gastrointestinal disorder, which means it is typically diagnosed by exclusion. This implies that other potential causes of symptoms must first be ruled out before arriving at an IBS diagnosis.

Key Symptoms for Diagnosis

To suspect IBS, a person must experience recurring abdominal pain or discomfort that is associated with changes in bowel habits. These changes may involve either stool consistency or frequency. The symptoms must be persistent and follow specific patterns over time to meet the diagnostic criteria.

Excluding Other Conditions

One of the most critical steps in diagnosing IBS is ruling out structural or organic diseases that could explain the symptoms. This often involves performing a colonoscopy to ensure there are no signs of inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or other abnormalities.

Other Conditions to Rule Out

In addition to intestinal issues, healthcare providers also consider other systemic conditions such as hyperthyroidism, metabolic disorders, and diseases affecting the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. Blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes specialized lab work may be required to exclude these conditions.

Important Diagnostic Criteria

It's important to note that IBS cannot be diagnosed in individuals who have undergone abdominal surgery. The diagnosis relies heavily on the presence of specific symptom patterns that cannot be explained by identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities.

Rising Prevalence and Common Scenarios

IBS has become increasingly common, with estimates suggesting it accounts for 30% to 40% of visits to gastroenterology clinics. Many people experience sudden bowel urgency after eating, yet diagnostic tests like colonoscopies and ultrasounds show no abnormalities. In such cases, IBS is often the explanation.

Contributing Factors

The rise in IBS cases is often linked to modern lifestyle factors, including high stress levels, changes in dietary habits, and shifts in social environments. Psychological stress and altered gut-brain interactions are believed to play significant roles in triggering and exacerbating symptoms.