How to Identify Intestinal Fibrosis Caused by Crohn's Disease

Understanding the Types of Intestinal Narrowing

Inflammatory Strictures: These are caused by swelling and acute inflammation of the intestinal walls. This type of narrowing is often temporary and may respond well to anti-inflammatory treatments.

Fibrotic Strictures: These develop over time due to the buildup of fibrous tissue, leading to a more permanent blockage. Unlike inflammatory strictures, fibrosis is usually irreversible and requires a different treatment approach.

Mixed Strictures: In many cases, both inflammation and fibrosis contribute to the narrowing of the intestine, making diagnosis and treatment more complex.

Diagnostic Approaches to Detect Fibrosis

Distinguishing between swelling and fibrosis can be challenging. However, with a detailed patient history and advanced imaging techniques such as CT enterography or MRI enterography, physicians can often make an informed assessment. These imaging modalities are particularly effective in identifying fibrotic changes in the bowel.

Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis

Endoscopic evaluation is another valuable tool. During this procedure, doctors can visually inspect the intestinal lining and take biopsies if necessary. Fibrotic strictures typically appear as hardened, narrowed sections of the intestine that do not respond to medical therapy aimed at reducing inflammation.

Treatment Options for Fibrotic Strictures

Once fibrosis has developed, it is generally not reversible. The primary treatment strategy involves managing symptoms and preventing complications. Medications are often used to control underlying inflammation, while endoscopic balloon dilation may help restore intestinal passage and alleviate symptoms.

When Surgery Becomes Necessary

If conservative treatments fail and patients experience recurring symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, or signs of bowel obstruction, surgical intervention may be required. In severe cases where there is a risk of bowel perforation, surgery becomes a critical option to restore normal gastrointestinal function.