Duodenal Ulcer Causes and Risk Factors

Excessive gastric acid secretion is a primary and decisive factor in the development of duodenal ulcers. When the stomach produces too much acid, it can erode the mucous lining of the duodenum, leading to the formation of ulcers. This process is further exacerbated when the protective defenses of the intestinal lining are compromised due to inflammation.

Delayed Gastric Emptying and Acid Exposure

Inflammation in the duodenum can weaken its natural defenses, making the mucosa more vulnerable to damage. Additionally, delayed gastric emptying prolongs the exposure of the duodenal bulb to gastric acid, increasing the likelihood of mucosal injury and ulcer development.

The Role of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is another major contributing factor to duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can colonize the stomach lining and interfere with the normal regulation of acid production. Research has shown that in the absence of H. pylori infection, the incidence of peptic ulcer disease can be significantly reduced.

Historical Perspective and Modern Understanding

Previously, it was believed that ulcers could not occur without excessive acid secretion. However, modern studies have shifted this understanding, highlighting the critical role of H. pylori in ulcer formation. Eradicating this bacterial infection has been shown to greatly reduce the risk of developing duodenal ulcers and promote healing in affected individuals.