Treatment Options For Duodenal Ulcers

Duodenal ulcers, a type of peptic ulcer disease, occur in the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum. When diagnosed through endoscopy, it is important to follow a treatment plan specifically designed for duodenal ulcers. While the treatment approaches for gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are largely similar, the duration of therapy often differs, with gastric ulcers requiring a longer course of medication.

Common Medications Used In Treatment

Therapy typically involves several categories of medications aimed at reducing stomach acid and protecting the gastrointestinal lining. Acid-suppressing agents such as H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed to limit gastric acid production. This is crucial because excess stomach acid and pepsin can erode the intestinal lining, contributing to ulcer formation.

In addition to acid suppression, mucosal protective agents like sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate are used to coat and protect the damaged tissue in the duodenum. These medications create a barrier against acid and digestive enzymes, allowing the ulcer to heal more effectively.

Addressing Helicobacter Pylori Infection

A significant number of duodenal ulcers are linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that weakens the protective mucous layer of the stomach and duodenum. When an ulcer is accompanied by H. pylori infection, treatment includes a combination of antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria. This approach, known as triple or quadruple therapy, significantly reduces the risk of ulcer recurrence.

When Surgery Is Necessary

In most cases, medical therapy is sufficient to heal duodenal ulcers and prevent complications. However, in rare instances where ulcers do not respond to medication or lead to serious complications such as perforation, bleeding, or pyloric obstruction, surgical intervention may be required. These situations demand prompt medical attention and often involve procedures to repair the damage or reduce acid production.

Conclusion

Thanks to advances in modern medicine, most duodenal ulcers can be effectively managed with a combination of acid-reducing drugs and, if necessary, antibiotic therapy. Adhering to the prescribed treatment plan and making lifestyle adjustments—such as avoiding NSAIDs, alcohol, and smoking—can promote healing and prevent future complications.