How to Treat Duodenal Ulcers

Duodenal ulcers occur when excessive stomach acid rapidly enters the duodenum, causing damage to the mucosal lining. Effective treatment focuses on controlling gastric acid production. The most commonly used medications are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists. Among these, PPIs are the most widely prescribed and effective, with popular options including Omeprazole, Rabeprazole, and Lansoprazole.

Protecting the Mucosal Lining

In addition to acid suppression, it's important to treat the mucosal damage caused by the ulcer. Gastroprotective agents such as antacids (e.g., aluminum-magnesium combinations), Rebamipide, and bismuth-based compounds are often used to support healing of the duodenal lining. These medications help protect the mucosa and promote tissue repair.

Healing Timeline and Follow-Up

Most ulcers heal within 4 to 6 weeks when patients consistently follow the prescribed treatment plan. After this period, a follow-up evaluation may be necessary to confirm that the ulcer has fully healed, especially in cases where symptoms persist or complications are suspected.

Preventing Ulcer Recurrence

Preventing future ulcers is a critical part of long-term management. Common causes of recurrence include Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive acid production, and the use of certain medications like aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Identifying and addressing these underlying factors is essential to reduce the risk of relapse. If H. pylori is detected, a targeted antibiotic regimen is typically recommended alongside acid-reducing therapy.

Lifestyle Considerations

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle modifications can play a supportive role in ulcer healing and prevention. These include avoiding alcohol and tobacco, reducing stress, and steering clear of foods that may irritate the stomach lining. Patients should also consult with their healthcare provider about the safe use of pain relievers and other medications that might impact gastrointestinal health.