Duodenal Ulcer Causes: Understanding the Primary Triggers

Duodenal ulcers, which occur in the first part of the small intestine, can develop due to a variety of contributing factors. These ulcers are primarily caused by three key elements that disrupt the delicate balance of digestive fluids and damage the intestinal lining.

Excessive Gastric Acid and Pepsin Secretion

One of the leading causes of duodenal ulcers is the overproduction of gastric acid and pepsin. This overactivity can be triggered by irregular eating habits, failure to maintain consistent meal times, lack of portion control, chronic stress, excessive workloads, and poor sleep patterns. When the stomach produces too much acid, this excess can flow into the duodenum and begin to erode the protective mucosal lining, making it vulnerable to ulcer formation.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Another major contributor to duodenal ulcers is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a common type of bacteria that colonizes the stomach lining. While not all individuals with H. pylori will develop ulcers, research indicates that more than 90% of duodenal ulcer cases are associated with this bacterial infection. H. pylori weakens the protective mucous layer of the stomach and duodenum, allowing acid to damage the sensitive tissues beneath.

Medication-Induced Damage

Certain medications, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen, can significantly compromise the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract. These medications interfere with the body's production of protective prostaglandins, which help maintain the health of the stomach and duodenal lining. Long-term or frequent use of NSAIDs can therefore lead to mucosal damage and ulcer development in the duodenum.

Who Is at Risk?

Duodenal ulcers tend to affect younger and middle-aged adults more frequently. Given the strong correlation between these three primary causes and ulcer development, individuals experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or unexplained weight loss should consider getting evaluated for potential duodenal ulceration. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications and promote faster healing.