Causes Of Duodenal Ulcers Explained

Duodenal ulcers occur due to a combination of factors that weaken the protective lining of the duodenum and allow stomach acid to cause damage. Understanding these contributing elements can help in both prevention and treatment.

Infection With Helicobacter pylori

One of the primary causes of duodenal ulcers is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium is present in about 95% of individuals with duodenal ulcers, making it a significant contributing factor. H. pylori can weaken the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum, allowing acid to reach the sensitive tissues underneath and cause sores.

Use Of Certain Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are also known to increase the risk of developing a duodenal ulcer. These medications can interfere with the body's ability to produce protective mucus in the stomach and duodenum, especially in older adults. Long-term or high-dose use of NSAIDs is particularly associated with ulcer development.

Excess Stomach Acid Production

Duodenal ulcers are considered acid-related diseases, meaning that excessive stomach acid plays a central role in their formation. The saying "no acid, no ulcer" holds especially true for duodenal ulcers. Conditions that lead to increased acid secretion can significantly raise the likelihood of ulcer development.

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A less common but important cause is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, also known as gastrinoma. This rare condition involves tumors that produce large amounts of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates acid secretion. The resulting high acid levels can lead to aggressive ulcers in both the stomach and duodenum.

Understanding the various causes of duodenal ulcers is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect you have an ulcer, it's important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and begin appropriate therapy.