Peptic Ulcer Disease: Understanding the Differences Between Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

Both gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are forms of peptic ulcer disease, differing primarily in their location within the digestive tract. Gastric ulcers develop in the stomach lining, while duodenal ulcers occur in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. During an endoscopic examination, medical professionals can easily distinguish between the two based on their anatomical location.

Location and Classification

One of the most common types of duodenal ulcers is the duodenal bulb ulcer, which appears in the duodenal bulb—the initial section of the duodenum. Endoscopy allows for a clear visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, making it possible to accurately diagnose whether the ulcer is located in the stomach or the duodenum.

Symptom Differences

Pain Patterns in Duodenal Ulcers

Since both types of ulcers are categorized as peptic ulcers, they often present with pain that follows a particular pattern. Duodenal ulcers typically cause pain when the stomach is empty, such as before meals or in the early hours of the morning. This discomfort often subsides after eating, as food helps neutralize stomach acid and provides temporary relief.

Pain Patterns in Gastric Ulcers

On the other hand, gastric ulcers tend to cause pain shortly after eating. This is because the presence of food stimulates acid production, which directly irritates the ulcer located in the stomach lining. As a result, patients may experience a sharp or burning sensation in the upper abdomen during or after meals.

Diagnostic Considerations

For patients who do not exhibit a clear pattern of pain—such as fasting pain or post-meal discomfort—a definitive diagnosis may require further investigation. In such cases, healthcare providers may recommend an endoscopic procedure to visually inspect the stomach and duodenum. Endoscopy not only confirms the presence of an ulcer but also helps determine its type and location, allowing for a more targeted treatment approach.