Treatment Options for Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

Gastric and duodenal ulcers fall under the category of peptic ulcers, which can be effectively managed through various treatment approaches. Understanding the right method can help reduce symptoms, promote healing, and prevent recurrence.

Lifestyle Modifications

One of the first steps in managing ulcers involves making healthy lifestyle choices. Patients are advised to maintain a regular routine, avoid smoking and alcohol consumption, and limit intake of caffeinated beverages like coffee. Additionally, it's important to avoid stress and late-night habits that can aggravate the condition. Reducing consumption of high-sodium, smoked, or pickled foods is also recommended to support gastrointestinal health.

Antacid Medications

Over-the-counter antacids, such as aluminum hydroxide gel, can provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid. These medications are often used to manage mild symptoms and are typically the first line of treatment for many patients experiencing discomfort from ulcers.

H2 Receptor Antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors

H2 receptor blockers like ranitidine and cimetidine are commonly prescribed to reduce acid production in the stomach. If these medications don't yield the desired results, doctors may recommend proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are more potent and effective, especially for refractory ulcers that don't respond well to standard treatments.

Mucosal Protective Agents and H. pylori Eradication

Protecting the Stomach Lining

Gastric mucosal protectants such as sucralfate suspension can help shield the stomach lining from acid exposure, promoting the healing process. These agents are often used in conjunction with other medications to enhance treatment outcomes.

Addressing Helicobacter pylori Infection

It's crucial to test for and treat Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as this bacterium is a major cause of recurrent ulcers. Patients diagnosed with H. pylori should undergo a targeted eradication therapy, typically involving a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications. Failure to eliminate H. pylori can lead to repeated ulcer episodes.

Surgical Interventions

For cases that do not respond to medical therapy, surgical options may be considered. Procedures such as vagotomy—where the vagus nerve is cut to reduce acid secretion—or resection of the ulcer-prone areas can offer long-term relief. Surgery is typically reserved for severe or complicated ulcers that pose a risk of bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.