Common Symptoms of Duodenal Ulcers

Duodenal ulcers, which occur in the first part of the small intestine, can cause a variety of symptoms that vary in intensity and frequency. Recognizing these signs early can help in seeking timely medical intervention and preventing complications.

Key Symptoms of Duodenal Ulcers

Abdominal Pain and Bloating

One of the most common symptoms is upper abdominal pain or a burning sensation that may extend to the back. This discomfort often occurs when the stomach is empty and can be temporarily relieved by eating or taking antacids. Some individuals may experience pain during the night, which can disrupt sleep. In more severe cases, complications like bleeding or narrowing of the duodenal passage may occur.

Bleeding

Bleeding is a serious complication that may arise from a duodenal ulcer. Signs include black, tarry stools or vomiting blood or material that resembles coffee grounds. If the bleeding is rapid and significant, symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, and cold sweats may appear. These are urgent warning signs, and immediate medical attention should be sought.

Nausea and Vomiting

When ulcers are accompanied by swelling or if the intestinal passage becomes narrowed, gastric retention can occur. This may lead to nausea and vomiting, sometimes involving undigested food from previous meals. These symptoms can significantly affect a person's quality of life and require prompt medical evaluation.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of a duodenal ulcer typically involves a gastroscopy, a procedure that allows direct visualization of the digestive tract. Once diagnosed, testing for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is essential, as this bacteria is a common cause of peptic ulcers.

Effective Treatment Approaches

If H. pylori is detected, a combination therapy consisting of four medications is usually prescribed to eliminate the infection while simultaneously treating the ulcer. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are also commonly used to reduce stomach acid and promote healing. With proper treatment, most duodenal ulcers heal within 4 to 6 weeks.