Duodenal Ulcer A1 Stage: Understanding the Meaning and Implications

A Duodenal Ulcer in the A1 stage typically appears in endoscopic examination reports and indicates the presence of an ulcer located in the duodenum. When a duodenal ulcer exists, endoscopic observation can reveal mucosal damage in areas such as the duodenal bulb, descending portion, or post-bulbar region. This type of mucosal injury usually extends deep into the muscularis mucosae, which qualifies it as an ulcer and necessitates further pathological evaluation. During endoscopy, the lesion may appear deep, with a white coating on the surface and surrounding mucosal inflammation characterized by redness and swelling.

Stages of Duodenal Ulcers

Endoscopically, duodenal ulcers are classified into three main stages: A (active), H (healing), and S (scar), with each stage further divided into two subcategories—A1, A2, H1, H2, S1, and S2. The A1 stage specifically refers to an ulcer in the early active phase, where mucosal damage is clearly visible and the ulcer surface often has a white exudate. The surrounding mucosa typically shows significant inflammation, including redness and edema.

Why A1 Stage Requires Prompt Treatment

Given that A1 stage represents an active ulcer with pronounced symptoms, it is essential to initiate timely and appropriate treatment. Left untreated, such ulcers can lead to complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction. A comprehensive treatment plan often includes acid-suppressive therapy, lifestyle modifications, and, in some cases, antibiotic treatment if Helicobacter pylori infection is present. Regular follow-up through endoscopy may also be recommended to monitor healing progress and prevent recurrence.