Treatment Options for Duodenal Ulcers

Duodenal ulcers occur when the mucous membrane in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, becomes eroded and develops an open sore. These ulcers often lead to symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, heartburn, and acid reflux. If left untreated, they can cause serious complications. Fortunately, there are several effective treatment strategies available today.

Non-Surgical Treatment Approaches

1. Mucosal Protective Agents: Medications such as hydrotalcite and polaprezinc help protect the lining of the stomach and duodenum by neutralizing excess stomach acid and forming a protective barrier over the ulcerated area.

2. Antibiotic Therapy: Since Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a leading cause of peptic ulcers, antibiotic treatment plays a crucial role. Commonly prescribed antibiotics include amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin, often used in combination to effectively eradicate the bacteria.

3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Drugs like omeprazole, pantoprazole, and lansoprazole are highly effective in reducing gastric acid production. By creating a less acidic environment, these medications promote the healing of duodenal ulcers and help prevent recurrence.

4. Prokinetic Medications: To improve gastric emptying and reduce acid exposure in the stomach, doctors may prescribe prokinetic agents such as domperidone or mosapride. These drugs help regulate digestive tract motility and alleviate ulcer-related discomfort.

Surgical Interventions

While most duodenal ulcers respond well to medical treatment, certain complications require surgical intervention. When an ulcer causes a perforation in the intestinal wall, emergency surgery becomes necessary. Procedures such as laparoscopic perforation repair or partial gastrectomy (removal of part of the stomach) may be performed depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health status.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Adjustments

In addition to prescribed treatments, making healthy lifestyle choices can significantly improve outcomes. Patients are generally advised to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), limit alcohol consumption, quit smoking, and manage stress effectively. Maintaining a balanced diet and eating regular meals can also support the healing process and reduce symptom flare-ups.