Acute Perforation Of Gastric And Duodenal Ulcers: Key Clinical Symptoms And Treatment Approaches

One of the most severe complications of gastric and duodenal ulcers is acute perforation, which typically presents with sudden, intense abdominal pain. Initially, patients experience localized pain in the upper abdomen, which often progresses to generalized abdominal pain as the condition worsens. This acute pain is usually a result of gastrointestinal contents, including food and digestive juices, leaking into the abdominal cavity through the perforation, causing peritonitis and severe inflammation.

Understanding The Anatomical Location Of Ulcers

Gastric ulcers are commonly found in specific regions of the stomach, such as the antrum and pyloric areas, while duodenal ulcers are more likely to occur in the descending part or the bulb of the duodenum, which is located just below the stomach. The precise location of these ulcers can influence the severity and symptoms of perforation, as well as the approach to diagnosis and treatment.

Why Perforation Requires Immediate Medical Attention

Once a perforation occurs, the risk of serious complications increases dramatically. The leakage of gastric and duodenal contents into the sterile abdominal cavity can lead to bacterial infection, sepsis, and even life-threatening conditions if not treated promptly. Therefore, immediate medical intervention is crucial to prevent further deterioration and to manage the infection effectively.

Standard Treatment For Acute Perforation

In most cases, emergency surgery is required to repair the perforation and prevent further contamination of the abdominal cavity. Prior to the procedure, appropriate preoperative assessments and preparations are conducted to stabilize the patient's condition. Surgeons often use laparoscopic techniques to locate the exact site of the perforation, followed by the surgical repair of both the ulcer and the perforated area.

Following surgery, a comprehensive medical treatment plan is essential for a full recovery. This typically includes a course of antibiotics to prevent infection, acid-suppressive medications to promote ulcer healing, and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of recurrence. Adhering to postoperative care guidelines significantly improves outcomes and supports long-term digestive health.