Treatment for Acute Dysentery

Acute dysentery is a severe intestinal infection caused by Shigella bacteria, commonly known as dysentery bacillus. This condition is characterized by a sudden onset and intense symptoms, including high fever, abdominal cramps, mucoid or bloody stools, and a persistent feeling of tenesmus. Patients often experience significant discomfort and require prompt medical attention to prevent complications.

Diagnosis and Clinical Indicators

Proper diagnosis of acute dysentery involves several laboratory tests. A complete blood count (CBC) typically shows elevated white blood cell and neutrophil levels, indicating an active infection. Additionally, markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin are often significantly increased, reflecting the body's inflammatory response and confirming the presence of bacterial infection. Stool culture remains the gold standard for identifying the causative agent, with Shigella species like Shigella dysenteriae being the most common pathogens isolated.

Antibiotic Treatment Options

Effective management of acute dysentery requires targeted antibiotic therapy to eliminate the bacterial infection. Fluoroquinolones such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin are commonly prescribed due to their strong antibacterial activity against Shigella strains. Alternatively, third-generation cephalosporins like cefixime offer a reliable option, especially in cases where fluoroquinolone resistance is suspected or confirmed. These antibiotics help reduce the duration of illness and prevent the spread of infection to others.

Supportive Care and Symptom Management

In addition to antimicrobial treatment, supportive care plays a crucial role in recovery. Smectite powder is often recommended to protect the intestinal mucosa and reduce the frequency of diarrhea. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, preventing dehydration, and correcting acid-base disturbances caused by excessive fluid loss. Proper hydration and nutrition support are particularly important for vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.

Preventive Measures and Recovery

Preventing the spread of dysentery requires strict adherence to hygiene practices, including regular handwashing and safe food handling. Patients should rest adequately and follow medical advice to ensure a full recovery. With timely and appropriate treatment, most individuals recover within a week, although monitoring for potential complications like reactive arthritis or hemolytic uremic syndrome is recommended in severe cases.