Bacterial Dysentery Symptoms in Infants and Young Children

Bacterial dysentery is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella bacteria. It is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Infants and young children are at the highest risk of infection, and the majority of fatal cases occur in children under five years of age. In babies, bacterial dysentery often begins with symptoms of acute infection, including fever, chills, headache, fatigue, poor appetite, irritability, and restlessness. These are often accompanied by abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Common Symptoms of Bacterial Dysentery in Children

Initially, the diarrhea may appear as watery stools, but it typically progresses to mucoid or bloody stools with pus. The frequency of bowel movements increases significantly, and children may experience tenesmus — a persistent urge to pass stool even when the bowels are empty. These symptoms can quickly lead to dehydration and require immediate medical attention.

Toxic Bacillary Dysentery in Children Aged 2–7

In children between the ages of 2 and 7, a more severe form known as toxic bacillary dysentery is more common. This form has a sudden onset, often marked by intense chills, high fever, and severe systemic toxicity. The condition can rapidly worsen, leading to symptoms such as drowsiness, coma, and seizures. As the illness progresses, it may result in respiratory and circulatory failure, making it a life-threatening condition.

Different Clinical Presentations of Toxic Dysentery

This type of dysentery can manifest as either a shock type or a cerebral type, both of which are extremely dangerous. The shock type is characterized by low blood pressure and poor organ perfusion, while the cerebral type involves neurological symptoms such as altered consciousness and convulsions. Early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates.

Parents and caregivers should be vigilant about the signs and symptoms of bacterial dysentery, especially in young children. Prompt recognition and timely treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery outcomes. If symptoms appear, it is essential to seek immediate medical care and ensure proper hydration and antibiotic therapy as directed by a healthcare professional.