How Is Dysentery Spread?

Dysentery is a common intestinal infection caused by Shigella bacteria. It can occur throughout the year, but it spreads more easily during the summer and fall months when the bacteria thrive. Both individuals who are infected and those who carry the bacteria without showing symptoms can act as sources of transmission. Below are the primary ways through which dysentery spreads:

Contact Transmission

Direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or personal items is a major route of infection. Touching items like towels or utensils previously handled by an infected person can transfer the bacteria to your hands. From there, it can easily enter the digestive system. Practicing good hand hygiene—especially before eating and after using the restroom—is a crucial step in preventing the spread of this illness.

Waterborne Transmission

Contaminated drinking water is another common source of infection. When water sources are polluted with fecal matter containing Shigella bacteria, anyone consuming that water is at risk of developing dysentery. Ensuring access to clean, treated water is essential in controlling outbreaks, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.

Transmission by Flies

Houseflies can carry Shigella bacteria from fecal matter to food, especially when proper waste disposal and food storage practices are lacking. This indirect contamination can lead to widespread illness if the affected food is consumed. Keeping food covered and maintaining clean environments can help reduce this risk.

Foodborne Transmission

Improperly handled or stored food provides an ideal environment for Shigella bacteria to multiply. This is a significant factor in dysentery outbreaks, especially during warmer months. Foods like cold salads, leftover meals, and untreated beverages are particularly vulnerable to contamination. It is advisable to avoid consuming refrigerated leftovers without proper reheating and to ensure food safety practices are followed to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.