Bacterial Dysentery: Understanding the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Bacterial dysentery is a type of acute intestinal infection caused by the Shigella bacteria. It commonly occurs during the summer and fall seasons. Before the onset of symptoms, individuals often consume contaminated food or practice poor dietary habits. The condition typically presents with signs such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

One of the most notable symptoms is the presence of mucus and blood in the stool. The stool often appears mixed with a thick, dark red, blood-like substance. In addition, some patients may experience a strong and frequent urge to defecate, along with a feeling of incomplete evacuation and anal heaviness, known as tenesmus.

The primary cause of bacterial dysentery is an infection by Shigella bacteria, which leads to inflammation of the rectum. In severe cases, this inflammation can progress to erosion and ulcer formation in the intestinal lining. To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may perform laboratory tests such as a complete blood count (CBC), stool analysis, and stool culture.

Once diagnosed, bacterial dysentery is typically treated with antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacilli. Commonly prescribed medications include fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin and aminoglycosides such as gentamicin. These antibiotics help eliminate the bacterial infection and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

In conclusion, bacterial dysentery is a serious gastrointestinal infection that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment. Recognizing the early symptoms and seeking timely medical care can significantly improve patient outcomes.