What To Do If You Have Kidney Stones

Kidney stones vary in size and location, and whether or not they require treatment depends on several factors including their size, position, and whether they are causing blockage or infection. Small stones located in the kidney calyx often do not require treatment because they do not cause obstruction or infection. However, if small stones are found in the renal pelvis and are mobile, they can potentially block the ureteropelvic junction, leading to pain or kidney swelling. In such cases, prompt medical intervention is recommended.

Larger stones, particularly those with a stag-horn appearance, should also be treated even if they haven't caused hydronephrosis. These stones are often associated with urinary tract infections and can significantly increase the risk of recurrent infections and long-term kidney damage. Fortunately, there are multiple treatment options available today, including medication-assisted stone passage, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, flexible ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and laparoscopic procedures.

In the past, open surgery was the primary method for removing large or complex stones, but modern techniques are less invasive and offer quicker recovery times. Choosing the right treatment depends on the individual patient's condition, the composition and size of the stone, and the presence of any complications such as infection or kidney damage. It is essential to consult with a urologist to determine the most appropriate course of action.

In summary, while some small kidney stones may not require immediate treatment, others—especially those that are mobile, large, or linked to infection—should be addressed promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes for patients with kidney stones.