Treatment Options for Chronic Cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis is a long-term inflammation of the gallbladder that often results from repeated episodes of acute gallbladder inflammation. Effective management involves addressing the root causes, relieving symptoms, preventing recurrence, and minimizing complications.

Adopting a Healthy Diet is Crucial
A key part of treating chronic cholecystitis is dietary modification. Patients are advised to follow a low-fat, low-calorie diet and maintain regular meal times. Eating in a consistent and controlled manner can significantly reduce the burden on the gallbladder and help prevent flare-ups.

Medical Therapy for Symptom Management
For patients who are not candidates for surgery and have normal gallbladder function confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, oral medication may be an option. Ursodeoxycholic acid is commonly prescribed to dissolve cholesterol stones, and its effectiveness can be monitored through regular ultrasound examinations.

Targeted Treatment Based on Symptoms
Patients experiencing digestive discomfort may benefit from medications that stimulate bile production and aid digestion, such as pancreatin or other enzyme supplements. For those suffering primarily from abdominal pain, calcium channel blockers like pinaverium bromide can be effective in reducing discomfort and improving quality of life.

Handling Acute Exacerbations
In cases where chronic cholecystitis flares up acutely, treatment follows the protocol for acute cholecystitis. The primary approach involves the administration of antibiotics to control infection and reduce inflammation.

Considering Surgical Intervention
When chronic cholecystitis significantly impacts daily life, especially in the presence of complications such as gallbladder wall thickening greater than 4 mm, irregular wall changes, or gallstone impaction, surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) may be necessary. Additionally, if gallbladder polyps larger than 1 cm are detected, surgery is often recommended due to the increased risk of malignancy.

Managing chronic cholecystitis requires a comprehensive and individualized approach, combining lifestyle changes, medical treatment, and, in some cases, surgical care to ensure long-term health and symptom relief.