Gallbladder Inflammation: Symptoms and Location

Gallbladder inflammation, also known as cholecystitis, typically occurs in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, just below the rib cage and along the mid-clavicular line. This condition can be categorized into two types: acute and chronic cholecystitis, each presenting with distinct symptoms. Acute cholecystitis often causes sudden and intense symptoms, while chronic cholecystitis tends to develop gradually and may present with milder, less specific signs.

Acute Cholecystitis Symptoms

1. Abdominal Pain: One of the most common symptoms is a sudden, intense pain in the upper right abdomen. This pain may feel like a sharp cramp or a dull ache that intensifies in waves. It often occurs after eating fatty foods and may radiate to the right shoulder, shoulder blade, or back. Nausea and vomiting frequently accompany the pain.

2. Fever: Mild to moderate fever is common in acute cases. However, if a patient experiences chills or a high fever, it could indicate a more severe infection, such as a pus-filled gallbladder (empyema), gangrene, or even perforation. These complications may also lead to acute cholangitis, a serious bile duct infection.

3. Jaundice: Some individuals may develop mild jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes. This can occur when gallstones move into the bile duct or when inflammation affects the duct, leading to obstruction or swelling.

4. Heartburn: Acid reflux or a burning sensation in the chest can occur due to bile reflux, which is common in acute gallbladder inflammation.

5. Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms often accompany the abdominal pain and can occur after meals. The vomiting is usually not forceful and may provide temporary relief.

Chronic Cholecystitis Overview

Chronic gallbladder inflammation typically presents with less obvious symptoms. Patients may experience discomfort or bloating after eating fatty meals or overeating. The pain varies in intensity and is usually less severe than in acute cases. High fever and jaundice are rare in chronic cholecystitis, which is why it is often mistaken for a stomach-related issue. Many individuals with chronic symptoms have a history of biliary colic. During a physical exam, there may be little to no noticeable signs, though some patients may have slight tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

If you suspect you have gallbladder inflammation, it's important to consult a gastroenterologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Recommended diagnostic tests include blood work to check for infection or inflammation and an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate the gallbladder. Once diagnosed, treatment may involve medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso) or antibiotics like levofloxacin. Additionally, adopting a low-fat diet and avoiding cold or raw foods can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.