Gallbladder Inflammation Diagnosis: Key Tests and Procedures

When it comes to diagnosing gallbladder inflammation, also known as cholecystitis, there are several essential steps and tests that medical professionals typically follow. These methods help ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

1. Physical Examination and Medical History

The diagnostic process often begins with a thorough physical exam and a detailed review of the patient's medical history. Experienced physicians usually perform this step personally. During the abdominal examination, tenderness and muscle guarding in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen are common signs. A positive Murphy's sign, where pain intensifies when the patient inhales deeply during palpation of the right upper abdomen, is often observed in acute cases. However, it's important to note that Murphy's sign may occasionally be negative even in the presence of gallbladder inflammation.

2. Laboratory Testing

Blood tests are a crucial part of the diagnostic process. They typically include a complete blood count (CBC) to check for elevated white blood cell levels, which may indicate infection or inflammation. Liver function tests and other biochemical analyses are also performed to assess overall organ health and detect any complications related to gallbladder disease.

3. Imaging Studies

Imaging plays a vital role in confirming a diagnosis of gallbladder inflammation. Among these, ultrasound is the most commonly used and effective tool. In cases of acute cholecystitis, an ultrasound may reveal gallbladder wall edema, often described as a "double-wall" sign. For chronic gallbladder inflammation, ultrasound findings may include thickened gallbladder walls, irregular or rough mucosal surfaces, gallstones, and gallbladder polyps.

These diagnostic procedures, when used together, provide a comprehensive view of the patient's condition and help guide the most effective treatment strategy.