Gallbladder Inflammation and Gallstones: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Gallbladder disease, including cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) and gallstones, is a common condition seen in both gastroenterology and general surgical outpatient clinics. The gallbladder is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and is often associated with pain in this region, particularly after meals—especially those high in fat. This discomfort is often accompanied by symptoms resembling indigestion, such as bloating, belching, and nausea.

When a gallstone becomes lodged in the neck of the gallbladder, it can trigger acute cholecystitis. This condition typically causes severe abdominal pain and may also lead to jaundice in some patients. In such cases, treatment often involves fasting, intravenous fluids, and antibiotic therapy. For many individuals, especially those with recurring symptoms or complications, surgical removal of the gallbladder—known as a cholecystectomy—may be necessary to prevent future episodes.

However, not all patients experience clear or intense symptoms. Many people may only suffer from mild, functional digestive issues such as post-meal bloating or gas. In these cases, lifestyle and dietary changes are often the first line of defense. It is recommended to avoid fatty and spicy foods, quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and practice mindful eating habits like chewing slowly and staying relaxed during meals.

For patients diagnosed with cholesterol-based gallstones, medical treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid may be considered to dissolve the stones. However, this approach is typically only effective for certain types of stones and may take months to show results. Individuals with recurring gallbladder inflammation or those with large, "filled" gallstones are usually advised to pursue surgical treatment for long-term relief and to prevent serious complications.