Ultrasound Features in Acute Cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis, an inflammatory condition of the gallbladder, often presents with distinct ultrasound findings that assist in accurate and timely diagnosis. When a patient exhibits symptoms such as right upper quadrant tenderness, rebound tenderness, or a positive Murphy's sign, acute cholecystitis should be strongly considered.

Ultrasound imaging is the preferred and most effective diagnostic tool for identifying acute cholecystitis due to its speed, non-invasive nature, and accessibility. Key ultrasound findings typically include gallbladder enlargement, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and a characteristic irregular or "fuzzy" appearance of the wall.

In a healthy individual, the gallbladder usually measures between 6–10 cm in length. However, in cases of acute inflammation, the gallbladder may swell to 12–13 cm or even larger. This enlargement is primarily due to impaired bile drainage, leading to bile stasis and subsequent distension of the gallbladder.

Another hallmark of acute cholecystitis is gallbladder wall thickening, which results from inflammation-induced edema and hyperemia. Normally, the gallbladder wall measures 1–2 mm in thickness, but in acute cases, it can increase to 3–4 mm or even up to 1 cm. Additionally, the mucosal surface of the gallbladder becomes rough and uneven due to inflammatory changes.

In most cases, surgical removal of the affected gallbladder is necessary to resolve the condition and prevent complications. Procedures such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy are commonly performed to remove the inflamed gallbladder, followed by measures to ensure proper drainage and reduce post-operative inflammation.

Early diagnosis using ultrasound combined with prompt surgical intervention significantly improves patient outcomes and helps control the clinical symptoms of acute cholecystitis effectively.