Complications Of Acute Cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis can lead to several serious complications if not treated promptly. One of the most concerning local complications is necrosis of the gallbladder wall, which can progress to perforation and potentially cause diffuse peritonitis. In some cases, gallstones may become lodged in the bile duct, leading to obstruction. Another rare but significant complication is the formation of a fistula between the gallbladder and the duodenum.

If the condition worsens, severe systemic infection can occur, potentially resulting in septic shock and multi-organ failure. Symptoms such as jaundice, high fever, chills, decreased urine output, and hypotension may appear, especially when liver function is severely compromised. These signs indicate a life-threatening situation and require immediate medical attention.

Early treatment is crucial in managing acute cholecystitis. Patients are typically placed on strict fasting and fluid restriction, along with gastric decompression. Intravenous antibiotics and fluid replacement are essential to control inflammation and stabilize the patient's condition. In more severe cases, emergency interventions such as percutaneous gallbladder drainage or urgent surgery may be necessary.

Preventing severe complications is key to improving outcomes, particularly in elderly patients who are at higher risk of mortality. Delaying treatment can lead to rapid clinical deterioration, making timely diagnosis and intervention vital in reducing the risk of septic shock, gallbladder necrosis, and other life-threatening consequences.