Signs and Symptoms of Acute Cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis typically presents with sudden and intense abdominal pain, most commonly located in the upper right quadrant or just below the breastbone. This pain can radiate to the back or the right shoulder blade, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact source. In more severe cases, patients may experience fever, sometimes reaching high levels, along with nausea and vomiting.

Laboratory tests often reveal a significant increase in white blood cells, indicating infection. Abnormal liver function tests may also be present, especially if the bile ducts are involved. When gallstones are present alongside cholecystitis, jaundice — a yellowing of the skin and eyes — can occur due to blockage of the bile duct.

In severe instances, complications such as septicemia (bacteria in the bloodstream) or gallbladder perforation may develop. Patients often experience tenderness in the upper abdomen when touched, which is a key clinical sign. If left untreated, acute cholecystitis can lead to life-threatening conditions. Immediate medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like abdominal ultrasound or CT scan, and treatment usually includes hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and in many cases, surgical removal of the gallbladder. Early intervention significantly improves recovery time and reduces the risk of severe complications.