Why Cholecystitis Causes Elevated Liver Enzymes

Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, can lead to elevated levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). This occurs when inflammatory substances and necrotic factors from the gallbladder enter the bloodstream and reach the liver, disrupting normal liver function. The liver and gallbladder are closely connected anatomically and functionally, with the gallbladder located in a small recess of the liver known as the gallbladder fossa.

When the gallbladder experiences pathological issues such as gallstones or polyps, it can lead to impaired contraction and bile emptying. This dysfunction creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth and subsequent inflammation. Patients may experience symptoms such as upper right abdominal pain, tenderness, or a positive Murphy's sign — all common indicators of gallbladder disease.

As the inflammation progresses, harmful inflammatory byproducts can travel through the circulatory system to the portal vein or directly into liver tissue. In severe cases, this can impair liver function and cause a measurable increase in liver enzymes. This elevation is often a sign of liver damage and requires prompt medical evaluation.

In such situations, surgical removal of the inflamed gallbladder — known as a cholecystectomy — may be necessary. By addressing the root cause, symptoms and liver enzyme levels typically return to normal following the procedure. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing complications and restoring liver health.