What To Do If Liver Metastasis Occurs After GIST Surgery

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of malignant tumor originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal, and like sarcomas, it has the potential to metastasize. Although liver metastasis is relatively uncommon in GIST patients, it can still occur. When liver metastasis is detected, the first step is to thoroughly evaluate the size and location of the tumor.

If the metastasis is isolated, localized, and surgically resectable, then surgery remains the preferred treatment option. Complete removal of the metastatic lesion can significantly improve prognosis and potentially offer long-term survival benefits.

However, in cases where the liver lesions are multiple, large, or not completely resectable, systemic therapy, particularly targeted chemotherapy, becomes the main treatment approach. It is crucial to obtain the genetic profile of the primary tumor to guide treatment decisions. Molecular testing helps determine which targeted therapies will be most effective for the patient.

Commonly used drugs include first-line imatinib (Gleevec) and second-line sunitinib (Sutent). These targeted therapies have shown significant efficacy in controlling both primary and metastatic GIST. They can help shrink tumors, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life.

In addition to medical treatment, regular follow-up and imaging are essential to monitor treatment response and detect any new lesions early. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, oncologists, and radiologists is often necessary to optimize patient outcomes.

Ultimately, each case must be evaluated individually, and treatment plans should be tailored to the patient's overall health, tumor biology, and response to prior therapies.