Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor What Are The Symptoms

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) was previously referred to as a borderline tumor, positioned between benign and malignant tumors of the stomach. Today, it is classified as a malignant disease known as gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma. While it is indeed cancerous, its progression tends to be slower compared to other cancers such as gastric cancer or lymphoma, and many patients have a relatively favorable prognosis. In the early stages, most patients experience no clear or noticeable symptoms.

As the tumor grows, particularly when it reaches a size of 5cm or more, it may begin to cause pressure-related symptoms. Patients may experience abdominal discomfort, bloating, or a feeling of fullness after eating. When the tumor reaches approximately 10cm in size, it may press on nearby organs, leading to additional symptoms such as nausea, gas, and generalized abdominal discomfort. For example, if the tumor compresses the intestines, these symptoms may become more pronounced.

One unique characteristic of GIST is that because it develops in the stromal tissue of the stomach, it can cause tears in the stomach lining as it grows. The tumor may also develop an umbilical-like ulcer on its mucosal surface, which can lead to bleeding. If bleeding occurs, patients may notice black, tarry stools, and in cases of severe hemorrhage, vomiting blood may occur.

In summary, the most common symptoms associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors are gastrointestinal bleeding and pressure-related symptoms caused by larger tumors. Recognizing these signs early can be crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.