Gastric Adenoma Removal: Can It Still Turn Into Cancer?

Gastric adenoma is a type of benign tumor that develops in the epithelial lining of the stomach. It is primarily composed of hyperplastic gastric mucous glands and can occur at any age, although it is more commonly diagnosed in men over the age of 40. These tumors are typically found in the antrum of the stomach, often have a stalk-like base, and may appear as single or multiple polypoid lesions, which is why they are sometimes referred to as adenomatous polyps.

Most patients with early-stage gastric adenoma do not experience noticeable symptoms. However, when complications arise—such as ulceration or bleeding—individuals may suffer from upper abdominal discomfort, mild pain, nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinically, gastric adenomas are classified into three morphological types: protruded, depressed, and flat. Based on their cellular origin, they can also be categorized as intestinal-type or gastric-type, with the intestinal type being the most common.

Research indicates that 9% to 20% of gastric cancers originate from intestinal-type adenomas. Nearly all intestinal-type adenomas exhibit some degree of intraepithelial neoplasia, often classified as low-grade. However, approximately 12.7% of these lesions may progress to high-grade dysplasia or even carcinoma. The risk of malignancy increases with the size of the adenoma.

Timely removal of gastric adenomas is crucial in preventing cancer development. Once diagnosed, endoscopic resection or surgical excision is strongly recommended. When removed early, the likelihood of malignant transformation is significantly reduced. Therefore, regular endoscopic surveillance and prompt treatment are essential for individuals diagnosed with gastric adenomas to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize cancer risk.