Gastric Leiomyoma: Understanding The Symptoms And Signs

Gastric leiomyomas often present without specific clinical features, and the symptoms largely depend on the tumor's size, location, growth pattern, and whether complications have developed. Small tumors measuring less than 2 cm may remain asymptomatic, causing no noticeable discomfort. However, as the tumor grows, individuals may begin to experience symptoms commonly associated with gastric disorders, such as upper abdominal fullness, stomach pain, indigestion, belching, and gas buildup.

In more advanced cases, a palpable abdominal mass or gastrointestinal bleeding may occur. Gastrointestinal bleeding typically manifests as vomiting blood (hematemesis) or passing black, tarry stools (melena), which are key indicators of internal bleeding. Bleeding is one of the more frequently observed symptoms in patients with gastric leiomyoma.

If the tumor is located near the gastroesophageal junction, it can interfere with swallowing. This may lead to dysphagia or a sensation of food sticking in the throat, especially when eating solid foods. On the other hand, if the tumor is situated near the pylorus — the exit of the stomach — it can cause pyloric obstruction. This may result in persistent vomiting, dehydration, and unintended weight loss.

To diagnose gastric leiomyoma, doctors typically rely on imaging techniques such as gastrointestinal contrast studies, endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) scans. However, a definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination of the tissue, which confirms the nature of the tumor and rules out other potential conditions.