Is Gastric Leiomyoma a Benign Condition?

Gastric leiomyoma is generally considered a benign condition, but it's important to note that true gastric leiomyomas are quite rare today. Prior to 1983, benign tumors of the stomach were commonly referred to as gastric leiomyomas, while malignant tumors were classified as leiomyosarcomas, schwannomas, neuroblastomas, and others. However, after 1983, these tumors were reclassified and are now commonly known as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

GISTs encompass a broad spectrum of tumors, ranging from those that are clearly benign to those that are clearly malignant, as well as tumors that fall somewhere in between. While the treatment for gastric leiomyoma is relatively straightforward—typically involving simple local excision—the classification of the tumor as benign or malignant is determined post-surgery based on factors such as tumor size and mitotic count.

Some tumors with malignant potential may require further treatment even after surgical removal. Patients with tumors showing more aggressive features may need to take targeted oral medications to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve outcomes. Therefore, while gastric leiomyoma itself is a benign diagnosis, the broader category of GISTs requires careful evaluation and follow-up to ensure proper management.