Treatment Options for Stomach Tumors

When it comes to treating stomach tumors, the approach largely depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Proper diagnosis and staging are essential to determine the most effective treatment plan. Below is a detailed overview of the treatment strategies for both benign and malignant stomach tumors.

Managing Benign Stomach Tumors

Common types of benign gastric tumors include polyps, leiomyomas, papillomas, and fibromas. Small lesions, such as those measuring 0.1–0.2 cm, are often detected and treated during routine endoscopy. If there are multiple or larger lesions, or if the depth of the lesion (mucosal or submucosal) is unclear, an endoscopic ultrasound may be performed to assess the layer of involvement and determine whether endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is necessary. Lesions smaller than 0.5 cm may simply be monitored, while larger ones are typically treated endoscopically. These procedures are usually carried out by experienced endoscopists, and once removed, the risk of malignant transformation is very low.

Approach to Malignant Stomach Tumors

Malignant tumors of the stomach include gastric cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and lymphomas. The first step in treatment is obtaining a definitive diagnosis through biopsy. Once confirmed, the treatment varies by tumor type. For example, certain lymphomas, such as MALT lymphoma, may be treated by eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection, which can lead to remission in some cases. Chemotherapy is often the first line of treatment for other types of lymphomas.

In the case of early gastric cancer, endoscopic treatments may be sufficient, especially for small lesions. However, if the tumor is larger than 2.5–3 cm, laparoscopic surgery may be required. For more advanced gastric cancer, especially when there is peritoneal dissemination, liver metastasis, or lymph node involvement around the abdominal aorta, initial management typically involves medical therapy. After successful conversion therapy, surgical intervention may be considered if the tumor becomes resectable.

Importance of Personalized Treatment Plans

Each patient's condition is unique, and treatment decisions should be made based on tumor characteristics, patient health, and available medical resources. A multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterologists, oncologists, and surgeons is often key to achieving the best outcomes.